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Is Cavanagugh a Born Again Christian

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This article is virtually the Christian term. For other uses, see Born Once again.

Evangelical Christian term

Built-in again, or to experience the new birth, is a phrase, especially in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the homo spirit. In contrast to one's physical nascency, existence "born again" is distinctly and separately caused by baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused by baptism in water. It is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be born again before yous can encounter, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines also mandate that to exist both "born again" and "saved", one must have a personal and intimate relationship with Jesus Christ.[1] [2] [3] [4] [v] [half-dozen]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from like terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is ordinarily linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "built-in again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") often land that they have a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[7] [v] [6]

In addition to using this phrase with those who do not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians use the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This practice is based on the belief that not-Evangelical Christians, fifty-fifty those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born again" and practise not accept a "personal relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should evangelize to non-Evangelical Christians in the same style that they would evangelize to people who do not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "born once again" is besides used every bit an adjective to describe individual members of the motion who espouse this belief, and it is also used as an describing word to draw the motion itself ("born-again Christian" and the "built-in-again move").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting by Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an result in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no 1 can encounter the kingdom of God unless they are born again." "How tin someone be born when they are quondam?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother's womb to be born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you, no ane can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of h2o and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter 3, verses 3–5, NIV[eight]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is cryptic which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The give-and-take translated as once again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could hateful either "over again", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a effigy of speech that the gospel author uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is then clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes but the literal meaning from Jesus's statement, while Jesus clarifies that he means more of a spiritual rebirth from above. English translations have to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version use "born again", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English Translation[11] prefer the "born from to a higher place" translation.[12] Nearly versions will note the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from in a higher place" is to be preferred as the fundamental pregnant and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[13] "nativity from God",[fourteen] but maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life as given by God himself.[xv]

The final use of the phrase occurs in the First Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned beloved of the brethren, [see that ye] beloved one another with a pure heart fervently: / Existence born again, not of corruptible seed, just of incorruptible, past the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—1 Peter 1:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek word translated as "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of salvation is interpreted as beingness rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in fault—that every person must have two births—natural birth of the concrete body and another of the h2o and the spirit.[18] This soapbox with Nicodemus established the Christian conventionalities that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "built-in again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding in 1 Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Cosmic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the archaic church over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. Information technology is [the Campaigner Paul's] education in one instance that all who are Christ's by faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to hope. He is concerned, still, with the fact that the hope is not being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[twenty]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective change wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new nascence, resurrection, new life, new cosmos, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "nascence" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine showtime. Contemporary Christian theologians accept provided explanations for "born from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek discussion transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is pregnant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "again" does not include the source of the new kind of beginning;
  2. More personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early on example of the term in its more modern use appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none tin exist holy unless he exist born over again", and "except he be born again, none tin exist happy even in this world. For ... a human being should not be happy who is not holy." Besides, "I say, [a man] may be built-in once more and so become an heir of salvation." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are built-in once again, only for adults it is dissimilar:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the aforementioned fourth dimension born again. ... But ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same time born again.[24]

A Unitarian piece of work called The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded by whatever of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to tape." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that it was necessary for one to be born over again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to use to Nicodemus particularly, and non to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to define how closely the stories of Jesus match the historical events they are based on, by and large treat Jesus'due south chat with Nicodemus in John iii with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private conversation betwixt Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making information technology unclear how a record of this chat was caused. In add-on, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger issue is that the same problem English translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language as well: there is no single word in Aramaic that ways both "again" and "from above", still the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was between two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, at that place is no reason to recollect that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a real conversation, the author of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Organized religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-again question on three occasions ... 'Would you say yous have been 'built-in again' or have had a 'born-once more' feel?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to respond similarly, with about two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In dissimilarity, but near one third of mainline Protestants and one 6th of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-over again experience." However, the handbook suggests that "born-again questions are poor measures even for capturing evangelical respondents. ... information technology is likely that people who report a born-over again experience as well claim it as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the classic text from John 3 was consistently interpreted past the early on church fathers every bit a reference to baptism.[29] Modern Catholic interpreters accept noted that the phrase 'built-in from in a higher place' or 'born once more'[30] is clarified every bit 'being born of h2o and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the commencement of this new life, are said to come nigh ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of h2o and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded as taking identify through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Cosmic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "annunciation of the Word, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of faith, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new animate being and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Trunk of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bail of unity leaving an enduring mark on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the enduring spiritual mark (graphic symbol) of his belonging to Christ. No sin tin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of conservancy. Given one time for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the movement of grace. "The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, human turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on loftier."[38]

The Cosmic Church also teaches that under special circumstances the need for h2o baptism tin be superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens dice or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul Two wrote in Catechesi Tradendae nearly "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the organized religion and even so without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[40] He noted that "being a Christian means saying 'yes' to Jesus Christ, but let united states recollect that this 'aye' has two levels: Information technology consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, simply it besides means, at a later stage, endeavoring to know amend—and ameliorate the profound meaning of this word."[41]

The modernistic expression beingness "born again" is actually about the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published past the United States Conference of Cosmic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the acceptance of a personal human relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to conform 1's life to his."[42] To put information technology more just "Conversion to Christ involves making a 18-carat commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul II, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required past our mod globe called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never effectively evangelized before, to those who accept never made a personal delivery to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular civilisation, to those who take lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Catholic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military Guild of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The born-again feel is not just an emotional, mystical high; the really of import matter is what happened in the convert's life subsequently the moment or period of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism past the Holy Ghost. But she as well teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam so that daily a new man come along and arise who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins after his baptism has once more lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a joyful experience, in which the individual "accepts Christ as Lord" after which faith "daily grows within the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived equally a man because he wanted to provide a blueprint for future generations" and "a converted person could attempt to live in his image and daily go more like Jesus."[46] Equally such, "eye religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church building has historically emphasized evangelism, especially missionary work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born again is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church building in article Fifteen, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In part, information technology reads: "sin, equally Due south. John saith, was not in Him. Just all we the rest, although baptized and born again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if we say nosotros accept no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in united states."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born again in Christ" occurs in Commodity XV, the reference is conspicuously to the scripture passage in John 3:iii.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one'due south regeneration, which is of comfort to the believer.[50] The time of i's regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[50]

According to the Reformed churches beingness built-in once more refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to reply to the effectual telephone call". Co-ordinate to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God'southward Spirit, whereby, disarming us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to encompass Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or being born once more is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and simply in issue of that do we act. Therefore, the private is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God volition do. Regeneration is a change wrought in u.s.a. by God, not an autonomous act performed by usa for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Central Yearly Coming together of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial conservancy (Tit. 3:five), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, 16)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], in that location is a "transformation in the center of the believer wherein he finds himself a new cosmos in Christ (II Cor. 5:17; Col. 1:27)."[3]

Following the New Birth, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for salvation considering it marks the motion toward holiness. That comes with faith."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that great change which God works in the soul when he brings information technology into life, when he raises it from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new nascency is considered the get-go work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new nascency."[60] The Methodist Company in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Acknowledge Him to your middle. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Nativity contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, 2 separate and distinct acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the penalisation of sin (Romans 3:23-25). This deed of divine grace is wrought by faith in the claim of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans v:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral grapheme of human, from the love and life of sin to the love of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians 5:17; 1 Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Religion, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is born again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who have been built-in once again, according to Baptist teaching, know that they are "a kid of God considering the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Die Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new birth (showtime piece of work of grace), entire sanctification (second piece of work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, every bit evidenced by glossolalia, every bit the 3rd work of grace.[65] [66] The New Birth, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[four]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that individuals do not have the power to choose to exist born once more, merely that God calls and selects his followers "from to a higher place".[67] Only those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to exist born again.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the demand for everyone to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "built-in again" is used by several Christian denominations, but there are disagreements on what the term ways, and whether members of other denominations are justified in challenge to exist built-in-again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should enquire [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you lot born again—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly h2o baptized, he has not been born again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may think.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Cosmic who claims he also is "built-in again." ... Still, what the committed Cosmic ways is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either every bit an infant or when as an developed he converted to Catholicism. That's not what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be born once again."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have different meanings for Catholics has go an effective tool in Rome'southward ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may be set apart from other outlooks in at least two ways.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known equally baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take identify at whatever time in a person's life, even in the womb. It is not somehow the automatic result of baptism. Second, it is mutual for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and religion leading to regeneration (i.e., people are built-in once again only after they exercise saving religion). By dissimilarity, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and volition to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - we can practise nothing on our own to obtain it. God alone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to draw its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism past the power of the h2o and the spirit. This remains the common understanding in almost of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. Notwithstanding, quondam after the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a delivery to i'southward ain personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same belief is, historically, also an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[79] [eighty] and is continued with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

Co-ordinate to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable form of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic blazon, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual blazon, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for agreement, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the society of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious meaning of history. With still others information technology leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of dearest of neighbour. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at whatsoever given time as "newness of life."[82]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Born over again is a phrase used past many Protestants to depict the phenomenon of gaining faith in Jesus Christ. It is an feel when everything they accept been taught as Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a distinction between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, similar the stardom between liberal and bourgeois Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the division between Cosmic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in salvation and excludes a view of divine ballot by grace solitary.[84]

The term born once again has become widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the belatedly 1960s, first in the United States and then around the world. Associated perhaps initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born again came to refer to a conversion feel, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in guild to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in heaven, and was increasingly used equally a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, built-in once more Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson'southward book Born Again gained international notice. Time magazine named him "One of the 25 most influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent so that during the year'south presidential campaign, Democratic political party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself every bit "born again" in the first Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to faith in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant function in solidifying the "born again" identity as a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal encounter with God." He recalls:

while I saturday lonely staring at the sea I dearest, words I had not been sure I could empathize or say brutal from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You lot. I take Y'all. Delight come up into my life. I commit it to You." With these few words...came a sureness of listen that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more: strength and repose, a wonderful new assurance most life, a fresh perception of myself in the globe around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the Usa to publicly declare that he was born-again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] country that "Ronald Reagan'south election that fall [was] aided past the votes of 61% of 'born-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-again or evangelical; the 2004 percentage is 41%" and that, "Blackness Americans are far more likely to identify themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks saying they are born-once again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more likely to say they are born-again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[ninety]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-again' identification is associated with lower support for regime anti-poverty programs." Information technology also notes that "self-reported built-in-once again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which have been inspired past the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some mutual European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which hateful "reborn", "born once more".[93]

See as well [edit]

  • Chantry call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-again virgin – Person who commits to forbearance later having had sexual intercourse
  • Kid dedication – Human activity of consecration of children
  • Jesus movement – Former evangelical Christian motility
  • Dvija – Twice-born status of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View within Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Religion. Westminster John Knox Printing. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved 10 Apr 2014. The new nascency is necessary for salvation because it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Lexicon of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. L. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Religion and Practise of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William W. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Visitor. p. 18. ISBN978-three-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of evolution: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford Academy Printing. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved thirty July 2011. A senior staff member in Earth Vision'south California office elaborated on the importance of beingness "born again," emphasizing a central "relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal human relationship with Christ [is] that it'south non only a thing of going to Christ or existence baptized when you are an infant. We believe that people need to be regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The demand to be born again. ...You must be born again before you can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved xxx July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born again believer is a personal experience of God that leads to a personal relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert M. (1993). Beyond Born Once again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Press. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. I have a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John 3:3-five
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically see the commencement (from above) and fourth (again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 NET
  11. ^ Jn three:3 NET
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Culture, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn one:12-13; 1Jn ii:29, 3:9, four:vii, v:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.N.(ed), The Quaternary Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Beyond the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-8.
  19. ^ 1Peter i:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[1]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Volume III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. 30 July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Printing, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel ballast. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Built-in Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved eleven September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Attestation IVa, John 1-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:3
  31. ^ John 3:5
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John ane-4, The International Critical Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ two Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter one:iv
  35. ^ Ephesians 4:25
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nativity, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's pedagogy on being born again, and argument that it is fundamental to Christianity.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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